Rio+20: What does the Earth Summit’s outcome mean for climate change?

25 June 2012

By John Parnell

With Rio+20 over, we’re left to pick through the bones of the final outcome and asses what impact it might have, if any, on global attempts to reduce and react to the consequences of climate change.

The Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio+20, is a separate process from the UN’s long-running climate change talks (overseen by the UNFCCC) that were borne out of the original Earth Summit in Rio back in 1992.

World leaders at Rio applaud after finishing their portrait session. (Source: Flickr/UN_Photo_Conference)

The crossover between the objectives of the two, is obvious and the opportunities for progress enormous.

However, the outcome document has been criticized for failing to adequately address a number of development issues, particularly gender equality and the swift establishment of sustainable development goals, something the UK’s own international development department was keen on.

On climate change, there are a number of direct and indirect references that could boost efforts to cut emissions and increase resilience. Today, we’ll look at what is in the document (which can be viewed in full at the bottom of this page) and the potential impact for climate issues. Tomorrow, we’ll review what’s missing, what topics fell off the agenda and which issues championed heavily before the event, didn’t make the cut.

“We acknowledge that climate change is a cross-cutting and persistent crisis and express our concern that the scale and gravity of the negative impacts of climate change affect all countries and undermine the ability of all countries in particular, developing countries, to achieve sustainable development and the MDGs and threaten the viability and survival of nations.” Paragraph 25

This paragraph is not as bland as it looks.

The “viability and survival of nations” phrase is a victory for small island nations, many of whom have already begun migrations as a result of climate change. With increased sea level and more powerful storm surges, a devastating combination of coastal erosion and contamination of ground water supplies by seawater are making islands uninhabitable.

This acknowledgement should secure them special focus in the ongoing sustainable development talks. Four later paragraphs (178-181) build on this.

Ocean protection, particularly with relation to small island states such as Kiribati, is among the strongest components of the document. (Source: Rafael Avila Coya)

“We recognize that improving energy efficiency, increasing the share of renewable energy, cleaner and energy-efficient technologies are important for sustainable development, including in addressing climate change. We also recognize the need for energy efficiency measures in urban planning, buildings, and transportation, and in the production of goods and services and in the design of products. We also recognize the importance of promoting incentives in favour of, and removing disincentives to, energy efficiency and the diversification of the energy mix, including promoting research and development in all countries, including developing countries.” Paragraph 128

Several encouraging lines here but (and this is a running theme), the language is not strong enough.

“Recognizing that energy efficiency is important to combating climate change.” Surely that was not a point for debate?

The mention for transportation and product design is also fresh and will cut emissions and other resource depletion directly and indirectly if action on the ground results from the “recognition”.

The final line, about supporting efficiency measures in developing nations is better, but celebrations will be on pause until some money is on the table.

“We underline the importance of considering disaster risk reduction, resilience and climate risks in urban planning. We recognize the efforts of cities to balance development with rural regions.” Paragraph 135

For many, particularly those living on floodplains in the developing world, this is great to see. But again, what does recognize mean? You might recognize that your house is on fire, it’s what you do about it that’s key.

Much of the action on this sector could be carried out directly through the UNFCCC’s adaptation work, handled separately through its own talks.

“We call for support to initiatives that address ocean acidification and the impacts of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems and resources.” Paragraph 166

Ocean-related paragraphs are among the strongest worded in the outcome document. Ocean acidification has been largely ignored in favour of sea level rise when it comes to the oceans and climate change. A specific reference to “calling for support” is effectively the rattle of a collection tin for research work looking to find solutions to this challenge.

A later paragraph (176) supports international protection specifically for coral reefs not just from acidification but also from damaging fishing practices and pollution. It also places mangrove conservation at the heart of the possible solutions.

Restoring mangroves has proven to be a successful way to reduce coastal erosion and to create jobs that rely on that particular ecosystem.

When you reach paragraphs 190 onwards, you find the designated climate change section. So will nations state their intention to cut greenhouse gas emissions (via the UNFCCC process of course)? No, but they do “express profound alarm that emissions…continue to rise globally”.

There is more grave concern over the so-called emissions gap and Parties to the UNFCCC urged to fulfill their commitments.

Most tellingly, the concept of Common But Differentiated Responsibility (CBDR), missing from the last climate change text, has re-appeared.

The Indian delegation pushed hard for the inclusion of CBDR. (Source: Flickr/UN_photo_conference)

In summary, the Rio+20 outcome moves climate action no further forward but it does still have a net positive benefit.

The relatively strong words on ocean protection will boost carbon sequestration in the seas and vulnerable nations can point to the document should they not receive enhanced protections and assistance.

The true effects of the document are impossible to predict as the wording places practically no pressure on politicians to do anything.

It does however, prove that they are aware not only of the problems, but of many of the solutions. They can’t use ignorance as a reason for inaction any longer.

Tomorrow, we’ll look at what’s missing from the document, and the resulting implications for climate change.

The full document:

The Future We Want – Final Document

United Nations looking for more countries to follow New Zealand's lead Read more: http://www.3news.co.nz/United-Nations-looking-for-more-countries-to

A year after the devastating Christchurch earthquake the country is still taking stock of the lessons that have been learned from dealing with such a disaster.
New Zealand is internationally renowned for disaster planning and prevention and the issue will be discussed at an international conference which is about to get underway in Wellington.
One of those attending is Jonathan Andrews from the United Nations Development Programme's Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery.
He says Kiwis are among world-leaders in disaster preparedness.
“New Zealand is well up there in terms of exactly taking these issues to heart and being prepared. Very good search and rescue standards, very good building codes,” he says.
Mr Andrews also says New Zealand has a lot of integrity when it comes to applying such factors. But the UN are struggling to have other countries adopt a similar approach.
“Awareness is one of the issues but I think moreover its convincing nations with meagre budgets to invest in prevention, you can imagine the pressure on the public servants for building roads, for building water supplies… when a disaster hasn’t happened it’s a very tough sell,” he says


Read more: http://www.3news.co.nz/United-Nations-looking-for-more-countries-to-follow-New-Zealands-lead/tabid/423/articleID/245110/Default.aspx#ixzz1oKqF9D9j

Humanitarian aid: European perspective

Humanitarian aid: European perspective

Eugene Eteris, BC's Scandinavian Office, Copenhagen, 23.11.2011.Print version

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Today's "humanitarian landscape" has changed. The scale of the humanitarian challenges has grown bigger and more complex. European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response (Kristalina Georgieva) described challenges and priorities for the European humanitarian actions in perspective.

Several EU states are taking active part in humanitarian assistance. For example, France's substantial contribution to the advancement of the humanitarian cause in the world is well known. Since the 70s, the French Doctors, the French civil society has given rise to a large number of highly professional humanitarian NGOs, with several of them having expanded a network of sister-organisations in other countries. French NGOs always present on the frontline wherever the needs are most dire – from Haiti to Darfur, from Sahel to Pakistan.

France plays also a leading role in the adoption of several key United Nations resolutions which have strengthened the international recognition of humanitarian assistance and the rights of victims (such as the UN Resolution 43/131 from 1988 on humanitarian assistance to victims of natural disasters which sets out a role for NGOs in providing humanitarian aid; or Resolution 45/100 of 1990 on the access to victims and the establishment of urgency corridors).

The Commissioner expressed her views on main challenges faced by today's humanitarianism, the priorities for humanitarian action and the partnership between the different humanitarian actors.

Main humanitarianism challenges

Today's "humanitarian landscape" has changed. The scale of the humanitarian challenges has grown bigger and more complex. The level of needs has gone bigger as a result of natural and man-made disasters. Natural disasters are more frequent and cause more damage.

It seems that humankind will have more of this type of sudden-onset mega-disasters which overwhelm the local and international relief capacities. No-one is safe from this, including the more developed countries like Thailand or even Japan the best disaster-prepared country. By 2015 the number of persons affected by disasters due to climate change will grow by 375 million each year.

Conflicts have decreased in numbers but their human cost has increased: we are facing more protracted internal civil conflicts and (30 to 40) situations of fragility and failing states. These result in more humanitarian needs as the civilians are subject to deliberate targeting and forced displacement.

Kristalina Georgieva, European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response. SPEECH/11/765, 16.xi.2011.

There is a growing humanitarian need resulting from the extreme poverty and vulnerability of people at the bottom end of developing countries. These are especially exposed to food and malnutrition crises as well as epidemics (cf. Sahel countries).

Humanitarian needs have not only grown bigger but are also more complex to address.

International humanitarian law

The shrinking of the "humanitarian space" means more security risks for relief workers. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is subject to growing violations by belligerents of all kinds posed.

There have been lately several kidnapping of relief staff in Somali and Sahrawi refugee camps. [The European Commission through ECHO finances several specific actions aimed at supporting NGOs security. The EU is also the main sponsor of the UN resolution on the security and safety of humanitarian personnel which is due to be adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2011].

The multiplication of actors (NGOs, private foundations and companies, military as well as the emerging role of nontraditional donors) has also added to the complexity. With their aid these have also brought a variety of motivations, interests and practices. The risk here is that competing forms of aid weaken adherence to those fundamental humanitarian principles that guide professional humanitarianism.

In this changing humanitarian landscape is the economic and budgetary crisis which put tremendous strain on public aid budgets.

Priorities for humanitarian action

The European perspective on the priorities for humanitarian action, according to the Commissioner, is composed of four key priorities:

First priority, the EU is to remain strong and firm on the humanitarian principles. There must be a "space for humanity" in the most dire contexts, and there must a "humanitarian space" for relief staff to work. Adherence to humanitarian principles is a condition sine qua none for the acceptance and access of humanitarian assistance in crisis theatres.

With the European Consensus on Humanitarian aid signed by the three EU institutions in 2007 and the Lisbon Treaty chapter on humanitarian aid, the EU has a solid policy and legal framework. It explicitly recognises that EU humanitarian aid which is guided by the sole objective of addressing humanitarian needs according to the principles of impartiality, neutrality and non-discrimination.

By working together, on the implementation of the Consensus on Humanitarian, the Commission and the member states will stand stronger.

The political value of humanitarian aid, if any, lies in the influence of those very values it projects and the "soft power" it yields.

It has become lately a fashion to refer to "comprehensive" or "integrated" approaches in external action, the Commissioner added: “I am all for greater consistency, but in full respect of the autonomy of humanitarian aid decision-making and of our ability to deliver assistance to victims”.

Second priority: the EU needs to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian aid.

In the face of growing needs and economic constraints, the moral imperative alone will not protect aid budgets. The EU has to ensure that every euro of tax-payers' money is used to the fullest, to have the biggest impact on the ground. This is a joint responsibility which falls on all member states.

We have to be better prepared and more anticipative in the face of humanitarian disasters. This is the reason the strengthening of EU disaster preparedness and response capacity is one of Commissioner’s top policy priorities. “We need to plan and pool our various resources and instruments in a more effective way. This will bring down the costs of operations. At the Commission, we are also committed to cut red tape, to improve further need assessment and aid allocation methodology. We want to better account for results”, she added.

Humanitarian organisations have to contribute their part. A couple of weeks ago DG ECHO held its annual Partners Conference with a dialogue on how to increase professionalism and excellence of aid even further in times of tight budgets.

As part of the European humanitarian Consensus' action plan, the EU wants to ensure greater aid effectiveness between the Commission and the 27 member states. Coordination and division of labour in the programming and allocation of aid is a 'must'. The EU is not for coordination imposed by Brussels but a smart coordination exploiting complementarities, she added, with a need to maintain significant humanitarian budgets. The EU humanitarian budget has now reached an average € 1 billion per year. This amount will be secured in the future EU financial perspectives. “But we owe to the generosity of our citizens and to our Parliaments to show concrete results with their money. I am concerned they don't know enough about what we do together. We have all a responsibility in being more accountable and more visible so that our citizens take pride in our humanitarian action”, she argued.

Third priority: the EU has to strengthen the synergy between Humanitarian aid and development policy.

As disasters can wipe out in a blip billions of Euros of development aid projects, we need to invest more in adaptation to climate change and in Disaster Risk Reduction strategies. As we face more situations of fragility and recovery we need to better link relief, rehabilitation and development. Think of Haiti or Côte d'Ivoire. Such situations should no longer fall "between the cracks" but become common policy objectives for EU humanitarian and development actors. I would also like to highlight the issue of food and nutritional security as a key priority which has also been very much at the top of the French agenda, notably during its G-20 and G-8 presidencies.

The Commissioner reminded on her commitments to increase the resilience of vulnerable populations in order to reduce vulnerability together with Andris Piebalgs in charge of Development aid at the Commission.

Fourth priority: the EU has to strengthen the international humanitarian system.

With over 40% of world humanitarian aid, the EU and its Member States should be not just a "payer' but a key player in shaping the international humanitarian debate.

The EU’s common objective, as well as that of the member states, should be to improve the efficiency of the system. The reform of the humanitarian system under the leadership of the UN-OCHA has made some progress; but there is still much to do. The emergency teams, the functioning of the clusters, of the Humanitarian country teams, the interface with the UNDP and World Bank in post disaster or crisis need assessment exercises, all need to be improved.

The EU also needs improvements in the governance of the system, e.g. by the promotion of “Good humanitarian donorship” vis-à-visnew, non-traditional donors. The EU urgently needs to draw bridges with developing countries which tend to see humanitarian aid as a Western enterprise and an attempt to encroach their sovereignty. It is quite telling that the UN resolutions on humanitarian aid invariably polarise the so-called G-77 members against western countries. The EU has to break this stalemate as this could badly undermine the accepted norms and rules of humanitarian aid, including the respect of International Humanitarian Law.

To make the EU voice known in the world, we need the support of all member states and greater coordination between the EU members and the Commission.

Partnership between the different humanitarian actors

The whole work can only succeed if it is performed in close partnership with the humanitarian organisations, the EU members and the EU institutions: the power of partnership makes the whole bigger than the sum of its parts.

In that partnership the recognition of specific roles and competences is needed. Thus the states play the pivotal role in international relations. They are the signatories to the International Humanitarian Law (IHL) conventions and as such have the responsibility to ensure the respect and promotion of IHL; not just as a matter of principle, but in concrete crisis situations.

Formulation of EU foreign policy and strategy should occupy a better place in the humanitarian dimension, by raising more systematically key humanitarian issues such as humanitarian access and protection of civilians through its political and diplomatic action vis-à-vis third countries.

The EU-27 military forces can also play a useful role in humanitarian contexts. They can contribute to the provision of relief and/or security. The humanitarian organisations, whether NGOs or international organisations play a crucial role as operators on the ground bringing aid to the victims but also as advocates of humanitarian aid vis-à-vis the states and the society. European Humanitarian Aid is at its strongest when combined with strong member states’ action and vibrant dialogue with the humanitarian organisations.

In 2012 the EU will celebrate the 20 years of ECHO; this is going to be a year of intense exchange, looking back at the EU’s collective achievements but also projecting an ambitious agenda for European humanitarian together with the member states and humanitarian partners.

Read in detail at :- http://cdrn.org.in/show.detail.asp?id=22862

Be prepared for any monsoon disaster, states asked

Submitted by admin3 on 26 May 2011 - 6:34pm

• India News

By IANS,

New Delhi: Amid likelihood of monsoon to touch India at this month-end, the government Thursday sounded an alert and asked states to be prepared to tackle any possible disaster in the wake of floods triggered by heavy rains.

Another advice from Home Secretary G.K. Pillai for the state governments was to keep a close vigil on human traffickers who abduct those affected, particularly children, left vulnerable after devastating floods to work as bricklayers, domestic servants and even sold as brides.

Pillai, at the day-long conference on disaster management ahead of monsoon, "warned that human trafficking gangs become very active during all disasters and there was a need to monitor their activities".

The home ministry had organised the annual conference to review the status of preparedness of the states and union territories for southwest monsoon.

Pillai, in his address, emphasised the importance of disaster and its management in view of its rising trend and with climate change impacting health, agriculture and habitat of different species.

Speaking about the preparedness and mitigation measures, he pointed out that amendment of building bylaws as per vulnerability index of the states was "the key priority area and there was an urgent need to prepare for disaster scenarios through regular mock drills and exercises".

Secretary, border management, A.E. Ahmed in his address focused on hazard scenarios and impact coupled with climate change aspects.

He also asked the state representatives to prepare and forward consolidated memoranda for central assistance in case of disasters of severe nature.

"The states needed to gear up their machinery for coordination with all stakeholders engaged in disaster related activities and to follow the checklists issued by (the ministry) for better preparedness," Ahmed said

Source :- http://twocircles.net/2011may26/be_prepared_any_monsoon_disaster_states_asked.html+

http://cdrn.org.in/show.detail.asp?id=21834

In times of dwindling resources, disaster risk reduction is an easy win

UNISDR

Description
Posted: Thursday, March 10, 2011


In times of dwindling resources, disaster risk reduction is an easy win




Type:Press release
Date:9 Mar 2011
Source:United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Secretariat (UNISDR)
Language:English



Geneva, Switzerland – A new report from the United Nations confirms what governments already hear but are slow to believe: that disciplined public sector involvement in “disaster risk reduction” can significantly reduce setbacks brought by hundreds of droughts, earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes and other hazards that befall the world each year, on average.

Released today, the “Mid-Term Review of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,” points out that a majority of countries have roadmaps for creating and safeguarding wealth, but many are lacking capacity. In some cases, there is capacity but no legal basis for coordination among the different government sectors.

“The world needs to hear from its leaders, ‘This fragmentation leads to weakness. The political, economic and social agenda is not complete if we can’t protect our wealth from the next earthquake or storm,’” says Ms. Wahlström, the Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Disaster Risk Reduction. “The report emphasizes that countries need to conduct risk assessments that lead to wiser development plans, to be carried out by institutions that are well-funded, well-coordinated and trustworthy.”

The report, written half-way through the ten-year mandate of the Hyogo Framework, analyses the findings from nine workshops around the world on disaster risk reduction, four online debates involving over 300 participants, six in-depth studies, a literature review and internal reviews conducted by major non-governmental organizations and bilateral and multilateral aid organizations.

Agreed in 2005, the Hyogo Framework for Action is the world’s only blueprint for staving off losses caused by natural hazards, often overshadowed by news on losses from war, unemployment or inflation. The earthquake in Haiti in January 2010 and New Zealand in September 2010 and February 2011, and the floods in Pakistan in July 2010 and in Australia in December 2010 are some recent examples of the devastating effects of disasters on lives and social and economic fabric of the societies.

According to the report, countries that regularly experience disasters have become more safety conscious. Those countries are now trying to ensure that disaster lessons are not forgotten, such as Japan with its National Day of Earthquake Remembrance and National Disaster Risk Reduction Day. Similar examples can be found in Bangladesh, Chile, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Madagascar, Mexico, Mozambique, and Vietnam.

Countries are also more serious about implementing the Hyogo Framework. The number of countries voluntarily reporting on progress through the “HFA Monitor,” developed after the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, has risen since the Framework came into being in 2005. During the first reporting cycle ending in 2007, 27 governments completed reports on HFA implementation. The number grew to 77 during the second reporting cycle, ending in 2009. For the cycle ending in 2011, more than 100 reports have been initiated nationally.

Many countries also have recently enacted laws relating to disaster risk reduction, among them India, Sri Lanka, El Salvador, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Anguilla (UK), Gambia, Indonesia, Egypt, Philippines, Zambia and Papua New Guinea. The report however notes that countries must strive for “a senior, over-arching authority” that can set policies, be accountable for how policies are carried out and ensure enough funds to sustain work in disaster risk reduction.

Ms. Wahlström cautioned: “We are still far from having empowered individuals adopt a disaster risk reduction approach in their daily lives. We need individuals to demand that development, environmental and humanitarian policies and practices be based on sound risk reduction measures.”

When the Hyogo Framework for Action ends in 2015, a successor framework for disaster risk reduction, was indicated in the report, should be based on “solid, structural links” with sustainable development and climate change international framework agreements.

Said Ms. Wahlström: “This report provides an opportunity to catalyze discussion and focus attention on activities that must be undertaken urgently if we are to achieve the outcome expected in the Hyogo Framework for Action by 2015 and contribute to setting the agenda for the Rio+20 world summit on sustainable development, planned for 2012.”


Available here
Press Release [PDF 26.66 KB]
Download the HFA Mid-Term Review
Related Links
HFA Mid-Term Review on PreventionWeb

TOT on Community Based Disaster Risk Management

RedR India
Training of Trainers on
Community Based Disaster Risk Management
Date & Venue: 14th to 18th July, 2009, at BAIF Pune
Community based disaster Risk management addressed through a project approach and perspective has not take us far. It should be promoted as a culture, process and conscious practice integral to the lives of the communities.







Background

The Asian tsunami, followed by the hurricanes in America, the earthquakes in South Asia and China, the cyclones SIDR and Nargis, resulted in the loss of more than 200,000 lives and, property and infrastructure losses worth hundreds of billions of USD.

Hard-won development gains are often lost due to disasters, which also take a heavy toll on security, dignity & livelihoods of the affected population. The resources available on earth are becoming scarcer with an ever-increasing population that frequently exposes the vulnerable populace to greater disaster risks, despite the increased disaster response capacities. Rapidly changing demographics, socio-economic patterns & technological conditions coupled with unplanned urbanization, climatic variability & ‘new’ epidemics like HIV-AIDS all underline an imminent threat to sustainable development, particularly in the third world countries.

Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is a process, which leads to locally appropriate and locally "owned" strategies for disaster risk reduction. The changing nature of hazards and the increasing incidence of disasters have created a greater need for Community Based Disaster Risk Management focused interventions.

The increasing numbers of CBDRM projects in different parts of the world require trained human resources with updated knowledge and perspective along with the skills of applying participatory methodologies. In 2008 RedR India responded to this demand by reaching out to more than 300 CBDRM practitioners representing more than 100 NGOs and over 500 community members. It was often expressed by the various stakeholders and partners that there is a need for trainers, who can help grassroots workers and community leaders undertake the challenges of institutionalizing DRR through capacity building, technical support, hand holding and facilitation.

Course Objectives:

In response to this learning need and to cater to the need for trainers on CBDRM, RedR India is undertaking the course TOT on CBDRM by the end of which the participants will be able to:
· Describe the nature and types of the trainings required to facilitate a CBDRM process.
· Elaborate and apply the principles of adult learning and the roles of a trainer as a facilitator.
· Apply and list the learning needs assessment at community level.
· Practice or demonstrate facilitation skills to apply participatory training methodology.
· Develop context specific training designs.
· Develop learning and media material to facilitate the trainings.
· Evaluate community based training programmes.

Who is the course for?
This course is open to GOs, INGOs, UN, Red Cross, NGOs and, development and emergency personnel who have experience of working in the humanitarian and development sectors and are involved in CBDRM initiatives.

It is also important for the participants to have either attended some CBDRM course in the past or have experience of working in a CBDRM programme.

Please note that this course will not deliberate on the details of CBDRM, rather the course will help participants to enhance their capacities with regard to becoming effective facilitators in the CBDRM process.

Course Fee

This is a residential training course. The course fee is inclusive of all accommodation, food, tuition, and training materials from the evening of 13th July 2009 till the evening of 18th July 2009.

Organisational rate (Sponsored Candidates) INR 15,000 OR USD 375
Individual rate: (Non Sponsored) INR 10,000 OR USD 250





How to Apply?

Please fill out the attached Registration Form and send it to training@redrindia.org. On confirmation of availability of seat please forward your course fee to RedR India. For more details on course fee please refer to the application form. For further assistance and queries please contact us at training@redridnia.org or call us at +91-20-25446659 or +91-9011073673.

About RedR

RedR-India is a humanitarian; non-profit organization, which maintains a Register of, experienced humanitarian professionals who are available to assist governments and external support agencies in the aftermath of disasters. RedR India is a member of the RedR International network. In addition to its primary task as a recruiter of humanitarian workers the RedRs have a global reputation for the development and presentation of high quality training for the humanitarian aid sector. RedR has offices in Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, UK and Belgium. For more information please visit www.redr.org

Tuesday, July 14, 2009
Intended Audience
Humanitarian
Cost
375 USD
Contact Information
Other Details

Not provided
Contact
Praveenkumar Pawar
Telephone
+91 20 32912532
Email
info@redrindia.org
Website
www.redrindia.org
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